Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a particular subset of mesenchymal stem cells present in the stromal-vascular fraction of the adipose tissue. These cells are considered very attractive for their relative abundance and accessibility in the human body. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts cells play important roles in the skin-wound healing process and are the cell types activated by trauma. The aim of our study was focused to evaluate ADSCs ability to build a dermal matrix to be potentially used as a dermal substitute in the field of wound healing. ADSCs were defined as Cluster Differentiation (CD) markers CD90, CD73 and CD105 positive cells and were capable of chondrogenic, osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation using established protocols. We evaluated several ADSCs abilities in comparison with fibroblasts in order to secrete crucial components of the extracellular matrix such as collagen I and fibronectin. Moreover the culture medium conditioned by ADSCs enhanced the rate of wound closure of fibroblasts and keratinocytes on an in vitro skin wound healing model. Ki67 immunostaining evaluated keratinocyte migrating capacity and colonization on this ADSC-induced matrix demonstrating its ability to promote re-epithelization. Furthermore in the angiogenic 3D assay on Matrigel, ADSCs grown in EGM-2 medium started to form microvessels within 24 hours. This study suggests that ADSCs support vascular network formation in vitro and demonstrates that the ADSCs trophic activity may play an important role in skin wound healing by affecting keratinocytes migration and dermal fibroblasts contribution to generate extracellular matrix.
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