6.10 - Environmental Effects on Crack Growth in Composites

Abstract

This chapter comprises a review of the major effects of environmental contact on failure in polymer matrix composites. Following an overview of the materials, processing, and normal failure modes for these materials, consideration is given to the various effects that an external liquid environment can have on crack formation and growth. Effects that are covered include solubility, diffusion and permeation, plasticization and swelling, chemical degradation of the matrix, reinforcements and interface, environmental stress cracking of both matrix and fibers, osmotic effects, and galvanic corrosion. In all cases, the mechanisms of failure are discussed, along with the potential for prediction and prevention. There is a brief consideration of environmental effects in nanocomposites and natural fiber/natural polymer composites. Finally, concluding remarks consider the potential for predictive modeling of these processes.