Abstract
This chapter reviews the additional techniques of mode-locking and discusses the examples of the mode-locked lasers. It discusses the purely active or synchronous mode-locking, the hybrid passive-active technique, and the relevant properties of the semiconductor materials. Passive mode-locking is the most widely applied technique to produce pulses whose bandwidth approaches the limits imposed by the gain medium of dye and solid-state lasers including fiber lasers. It is routinely applied in solid-state and fiber lasers. Using this method, the sub 5-fs pulses have been obtained from the Ti:sapphire lasers without the external pulse compression. The synchronous mode-locking has a much broader range of gain media that can be used, than in the case of the passive mode-locking. The gain medium in a synchronously pumped laser should have a short lifetime, so that the duration of the inversion is not larger than that of the pump pulse. The chapter concludes by discussing some of the specific examples of popular lasers.
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