Abstract

This chapter deals with the set of problems in elasticity and fields that are common in various engineering applications, and introduces practical examples of application of the various element forms. This chapter considers the problem of stress analysis for linear elastic solids. Two-dimensional elastic problems were the first successful examples of the application of the finite element method. In recent times, there is increased interest in the use of iterative solution methods. Given that with direct solution techniques, the computation effort is roughly proportional to the number of equations and to the square of the bandwidth; the magnitude of the problems can be appreciated. Efforts to improve accuracy by use of higher order elements are strongest in the area of three-dimensional analysis. This chapter discusses the development and practical application of such elements. It deals with elasticity problems for general three-dimensional applications, as well as its simplification to some special two-dimensional situations. This chapter considers three types of two-dimensional problems: the plane stress case, plane strain case, and axisymmetric case.

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