Abstract
Pearl millet is an important staple crop in the semiarid regions of Asia and Africa due to its high nutritive value and adaptation to varying stress conditions. Globally, Pennisetum spp. germplasm is conserved as 66,682 accessons in 97 genebanks, with the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru holding the largest collection. Enormous diversity has been reported in cultigen genepool for morphoagronomic traits, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and nutritional traits. Core and minicore collection developed at ICRISAT would facilitate extensive evaluation and identification of trait-specific diverse germplasm. Wide crosses within the primary genepool have been successful to transfer desirable traits, but those involving secondary and tertiary genepool species have often met with limited success. Genomic resources are expected to increase with pearl millet genome sequence due for release and faster developments in next-generation sequencing technologies, which would enhance germplasm management and crop improvement.
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