Abstract
The genus Avena consists of 26 species out of which four are cultivated ones (Avena sativa, Avena byzantina, Avena strigosa, and Avena abyssinica). Common oat is the main cultivated species. Nowadays, some of the wild oat species are rare in their natural habitats and threatened by genetic erosion or even extinction. However, the loss of genetic diversity is also observed within cultivated and semicultivated species. Worldwide collections of Avena species consist of approximately 131,000 accessions preserved by 63 countries. According to numerous studies on oat germplasm, wild species in particular could be or are a valuable source of new genes useful for breeding. The genetic pool of recent A. sativa cultivars is quite narrow and expanding it is crucial. In general, modern breeding techniques are supported by molecular biology and genomics. In the case of oat, this area is significantly less developed than in other staple cereals.
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