Abstract
This chapter discusses hydraulic and pneumatic amplifiers and final control elements. The chapter also discusses liquid amplifiers. The jet pipe amplifier employs a displaceable jet pipe from which high pressure oil is projected at two orifices, to achieve a push–pull type of output. The principal application of the jet pipe amplifier is as a preamplifier stage in a two-stage hydraulic servo amplifier. A jet of fluid emerging from a nozzle tends to deflect toward an adjacent surface and, under certain conditions, will attach to it. This phenomenon is known as the Coanda or wall attachment effect. The flapper plate will assume a quiescent position such that the input force is balanced by the feedback force arising from the output pressure within the feedback bellows. Thus, the output pressure will be proportional to the input force, irrespective of nonlinearities within the amplifier stages. The outflow that can be delivered to the load is much greater than the flapper-nozzle amplifier could supply.
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