Abstract
The initial development of borosilicate, aluminosilicate, phosphate and ceramic glass formulations for the solidification of HLW took place in the US, Canada, Europe and the USSR over the course of the 1950s and 1960s. Borosilicate glass formulations were first investigated in the US between 1956 and 1957 by Goldman and colleagues at the Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT). However, the main bulk of research into the vitrification process was conducted in the UK and Europe in the 1960s. Between 1952 and 1962, Canadian scientists began developing aluminosilicate glass formulations at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (CRNL), and in 1967, Tuthill and others launched research into phosphate waste glasses at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). This chapter describes the research and development process, the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and their various applications.
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