Abstract
Traditional orthopaedic implants are based on metallic and polymeric materials, which quite often lead to implantation failure, due to the loss of the mechanical properties, or bio-incompatibility between the interface of implant and the bone tissues. Bioactive materials have the capability of forming a strong bond between the tissue and the material, which ensures that the implant remains in place. The design of bioactive materials suitable for this application includes using bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (Hap), bioactive glasses, bioceramic–glass, and bioactive material-based polymer composites. Metal-based implants coated with bioactive materials are commercially available. The future trend in this field will focus on the design of new biomimetic materials as synthetic bone tissue substitutes, the surface modification of bioactive materials for improved biocompatibility, the design of controlled porous bioactive materials for improved bone tissue formation, the development of new bioactive material-based composites for bone tissue engineering, and the surface treatment of metal orthopaedic implants for improved bioactivity and biocompatibility.
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