6 - Actuators

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of actuators. An actuator is a device that converts fluid power into mechanical force and motion. The chapter describes the various types of actuating devices and their applications. Cylinders, hydraulic motors, and turbines are the most common types of actuating devices used in fluid power systems. An actuating cylinder is a device that converts fluid power into linear or straight-line, force and motion. As linear motion is back and forth motion along a straight line, this type of actuator is sometimes referred to as a reciprocating or linear motor. The cylinder consists of a ram or piston, operating within a cylindrical bore. A fluid power motor is a device that converts fluid power energy into rotary motion and force. The function of a motor is opposite to that of a pump. However, the design and operation of fluid power motors are very similar to those of pumps. Motors have many uses in fluid power systems.