Abstract

Cargo cults are defined, in a preliminary way, as millenarian, akin to European messianic and enthusiastic movements, a subset in a mainly Melanesian idiom, directed toward the acquisition of cargo (the manufactured and processed goods of industrialized countries). Alternative names for these activities reveal particular emphases besides the cargo motif, and bring them into a relationship with otherwise similar activities found across the world in areas that Europeans have settled or colonized and in which Christian missionaries have been active. The historical background leads into a description of the course of a cult and the central issue: how do white people gain access to cargo? Interpretive variety is implicit in the alternative names coined. Common features are the colonial experience, cultural differences, economic deprivations, the introduction of money into subsistence economies, and questions of relative status, identity, and obligation. The prevalence of cargo cults among Tok pisin speakers, and their relative absence among non-Tok pisin speakers remains in question. Although cargo cults as such are becoming anachronistic, millenarian cultic activity in a Christian ambience, especially among the newly converted, is a fairly common historical phenomenon.

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