Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. In 2014, TB caused more than 4000 deaths daily worldwide. Key issues for TB control include early diagnosis, prompt treatment, tackling of multi drug resistant strains, infection in HIV positive individuals, elderly, immunocompromised individuals and those with extra-pulmonary manifestations of the disease. Since urinary tract involvement in TB infection may be silent, it must be actively sought to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Recently more reliable tests based on interferon gamma release assay, polymerase chain reaction and tests to identify rifampicin resistance are available. Often, short-course medical treatment is recommended, with dose adjustment for reduced kidney function if needed.
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