Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of the database industry over the last half century. It focuses on the relational database concepts introduced by E. F. Codd, and offers some explanations for why these concepts have proven to be so resilient over several decades. It describes some early relational systems and the context in which they were developed. It describes the origin of the SQL database language, how it became an international standard, and how it has evolved to meet new requirements. It also briefly describes some “post-relational” research directions inspired by the need for massively scalable web applications. Much of the paper is written from a personal perspective, based on the author’s own experiences.
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