Abstract
Environmental activism, with decades of relevant presence already, is a fundamental element for the preservation of natural and cultural values. Theories around their bases, protagonists, methods, instruments and results proliferate in a period of obliged ecological transition. Here, we present an investigation in the region of Girona (Catalunya, Spain), with the main objective of reflecting on environmental activism and its singular impact on the territorial reality of this area. The specific interest of this case resides in the longevity of the mobilizations (50 years) and the number of cases and actors; for its causes (a territory endowed with a very socialized narrative linking landscape to identity, and subject to multiple and powerful transformative pressures); and for its effective results. Through collaborative research and different data sources, we display map-based results about environmental movements and conflicts, and quantitative results about typologies of movements, conflict triggers, outcomes of the cases, and conversion rate to nature or heritage protection figures. The discussion, and by extension the conclusions, proposes answers to the exceptional nature of the case in the Catalan context, its relationship with NIMBY processes, and the notable incidence of these mobilizations in the landscape quality and land planning of Girona.
Highlights
The objective of this paper is to present and reflect on environmental activism and its impact in the counties of Girona, Catalonia
The first part is a brief introduction to the theory of environmental activism, conflicts around landscape and their resolution
The region of Girona is unique in the context of Catalonia, given the objective landscape values it contains, and for the immaterial values linked to the territorial dimension of the local and, singularly, the Catalan identity
Summary
The objective of this paper is to present and reflect on environmental activism and its impact in the counties of Girona, Catalonia. The interest of this case lays on the persistence of movements and mobilizations—more than 50 years—and the consequences in terms of landscape and heritage preservation, modification of planning instruments and, the organization of civil society. The region of Girona is unique in the context of Catalonia, given the objective landscape values it contains, and for the immaterial values linked to the territorial dimension of the local and, singularly, the Catalan identity. From all of the above, the paper discusses the role of environmental activism in Girona from the perspective of sustainable landscape governance
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