Abstract
Cost-effective monitoring of food and beverage products in the cold chain can be realized by active “smart labels” based on physicochemical, chemical, or biological principles of operation and exhibiting an easily measurable response that indicates the quality level of the product. Freshness indicators provide direct product quality information resulting from microbial growth or chemical changes within a food product. Time–temperature integrators exhibit an easily measurable response that integrates the temperature history of the product. Intelligent packaging contributes to shelf life extension and provides valuable information about the quality and safety status of the food product contributing to better management of the cold chain, reduction of the food waste, and increased protection of the consumer.
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