Abstract
This chapter discusses the implications of sex-specific physiology to the cost of sexual reproduction in plants. It begins by describing various dimorphic sexual systems and why they might be useful for linking physiological process to reproductive function, particularly intermediate sexual systems such as gynodioecy. It describes the differential costs of pollen versus seed production, as well as common costs of flower production and demographic consequences. It also describes the physiological mechanisms that may help mitigate the costs of reproduction, followed by predicted patterns of sexual dimorphism in physiology based on differential investment. Next, it describes the potential causes of sex differences in physiology, followed by a final section summarizing the available data on the presence of sex-specific physiology and its relationship to reproductive investment in a variety of sexual systems.
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