Abstract
Epidemiology is one of the fundamental underpinning sciences of clinical medicine. At the level of the individual patient, it informs diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and is crucial for estimating likely prognoses. Within the specialist area of public health medicine, epidemiology is crucial for the promotion and protection of population health. This chapter covers some of the most important epidemiological concepts and tools used to measure health and to understand the causation of diseases. It introduces topic areas important to population health such as the global epidemiology of major diseases, the social determinants of health and the role of screening and immunisation in protecting health. It also sets pandemic management in the wider context of communicable disease control as practised in public health departments worldwide.
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