5 - Physical modification of cellulose fiber surfaces

Abstract

Composite materials produced from natural resources like plant fibers, which are eco-friendly and sustainable, contain cellulose as the primary constituents. Cellulose fiber–reinforced composites (CFRCs) have gained its prominence in several industrial applications due to its reduced greenhouse gas emissions compared with conventional and other composite materials. Cellulose fibers processed from plants are applied as reinforcements for polymer matrices and other commercial products, and it is mainly dependent on several parameters, namely, its origin, climatic condition, location, methods of cultivation, and processing. There are certain challenges incorporated with cellulose fibers such as lesser compatibility among hydrophilic fibers and hydrophobic characteristics of matrix, moisture uptake, fluctuating thermal characteristics, and limited interfacial adhesion between the cellulose fibers and polymer matrix. The challenges involved in CFRCs need to be overcome to produce materials with relatively equivalent properties to that of conventional composite materials. Such challenges associated with CFRCs can be resolved with an enhanced performance and properties by modification of fiber surfaces by prior physical and chemical treatment methods. Many scientists and researchers across diverse regions of globe have carried out investigations with primary attention being paid to the modification of fiber surfaces by employing surface treatments with the objective of enhanced fiber-matrix interface, enhanced mechanical properties, and removal of moisture content in the fiber surface. This chapter predominantly focuses on modification of fiber surfaces by physical treatments and provides an in-depth knowledge of various modification techniques and its influence toward the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics and the performance of CFRCs.