4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl-Containing Polymers as Promising Anodic Materials for Electrochromic Devices

Abstract

Three 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl-based polydithienylpyrroles (PTTPP, P(TTPP-co-DTC), and P(TTPP-co-DTP)) were synthesized electrochemically and their electrochromic behaviors were characterized. The introduction of electron withdrawing trifluoromethoxy unit in the side chain of polydithienylpyrroles (PSNS) decreases the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of PSNS. PTTPP film displays three various colors (grayish-yellow at 0 V, grayish-blue at 1.0 V, and bluish-violet at 1.4 V) from reduced to oxidized states. The optical contrast of PTTPP, P(TTPP-co-DTC), and P(TTPP-co-DTP) electrodes are 24.5% at 1050 nm, 49.0% at 916 nm, and 53.8% at 1302 nm, respectively. The highest η of the PTTPP electrode is 379.64 cm2 C−1 at 1050 nm. Three ECDs based on PTTPP, P(TTPP-co-DTC), or P(TTPP-co-DTP) as anodic film and PProDOT-Et2 as cathodic film were fabricated. PTTPP/PProDOT-Et2 ECD showed high transmittance change (35.7% at 588 nm) and high η (890.96 cm2·C−1 at 588 nm). P(TTPP-co-DTC)/PProDOT-Et2 and P(TTPP-co-DTP)/PProDOT-Et2 ECDs showed high transmittance change, rapid response time, adequate open circuit memory, and good electrochemical redox stability. Based on these findings, this work provides novel insights for appropriate design of high transmittance change and high efficient multi-colored electrochromic polymers.