Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of prenylated proteins in peroxisome biogenesis. Peroxisomes or microbodies are a family of functionally and structurally related organelles of eukaryotic cells. They are surrounded by a single lipid bilayer membrane and have a diameter of 0.1–1 μm. As peroxisomes do not contain their own DNA, all peroxisomal proteins are encoded in the nucleus. Thus, most if not all peroxisomal proteins are synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytosol and imported posttranslationally into the organelle. Two peroxisomal proteins are known to be prenylated: Pex19p and Rho1p. The farnesylated Pex19p is an essential component of the transport machinery for peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) and the de novo formation of peroxisomes. Pex19p functions as a PMP-specific import receptor and chaperone, which binds newly synthesized PMPs in the cytosol in a farnesylation-dependent manner and directs them to the peroxisomal membrane. The role of farnesylation of Pex19p in this process awaits investigation. Prenylated Rho GTPases are involved in actin assembly on peroxisomes in yeast and peroxisome-microtubule association in mammalian cells.
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