Abstract
Metal oxides, being most abundant in nature and due to their easy fabrication of nanoparticles, have emerged as a promising material, especially those in optoelectronics and optics-based medical applications. These metal oxides by the virtue of their excellent carrier mobility, charge transport mechanisms, electronic states, and charge defects enable their approval as semiconductors. Strain doping is one of the effective ways to tune the overlap of cationic and anionic orbitals for carrier mobility and enhancing its scope in electronics. This review surveys the uniqueness of (i) metal oxide semiconductors over inorganic semiconductors and (ii) their fabrication strategies along with the tunable physical properties. This also gives a detailed insight regarding the use of metal oxides as pH sensors in pH regulation in the human body and pH sensing for various tests and analysis that could further help in understanding the mechanistic cause of the disease, and gives benefit in developing technologies for prevention.
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