4 - Influence of silane modification on the properties of natural fibers and its effect on biocomposites

Abstract

In recent years, natural fibers have gained attention as suitable reinforcements in polymeric matrices because of their low density, low cost, biodegradability, renewable and environmentally friendly properties. They further possess high specific strength which can be effectively used for biocomposites in various applications. Natural fibers are the most commonly used fillers available worldwide for reinforcing various types of polymers. The advantages of using natural fibers as sustainable and eco-friendly material is influenced by environmental benefits, such as global sustainability, diminution of global warming gases, sustainable economy and cost effectiveness. However, the main disadvantage of natural fibers is their hydrophilic nature that results to poor compatibility with polymer matrices in biocomposite materials. This causes a high tendency of moisture absorption and weak adhesion with hydrophobic matrices, thereby, leading to poor mechanical properties and decline the dimensional stability of the biocomposite. Nevertheless, in literature, various types of silane treatment methods are reported on natural fiber surface modification to enhance their adhesion compatibility with matrices and most importantly to reduce moisture absorption. Further, silane modification does not only modify the fiber surface but also improves their strength and in biocomposite materials and as a result increase their mechanical properties. Therefore, this chapter will give an overview of the various silane modification methods used to treat natural fibers, influence of surface treatment and its effects on the properties of natural fibers and the biocomposites made thereof.