Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have evolved to invade and survive in host species for at least long enough to disseminate, thus facilitating the infection of new hosts within the herd or flock. The host immune system has evolved to counteract these infections which can be fatal if left uncontrolled, and this relationship between pathogen and host leads to continually evolving mechanisms to survive (pathogen) or resolve infection (the host). Knowledge of the immune response to pathogens has facilitated the development of vaccines against bacterial disease and also diagnosis of bacterial disease via serological tests. In this latter regards, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) have been used for many years to diagnose bacterial infections, and as molecular biology has developed, this has led to the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests which detect immune mediators to specific infections or to the bacterial antigens themselves. In this chapter, the immune response to the most important respiratory and gastrointestinal bacteria of pigs and chickens will be discussed.
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