Abstract
This chapter describes the recent advances in production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), a material with significant barrier, mechanical and colloidal properties, low-density, renewable, and biodegradable character. The above properties make CNF promising for applications in such fields as papermaking, composites, packaging, coatings, biomedicine, and automotive. In this chapter, sources, structural and chemical aspects necessary for understanding the nanofibril extraction process, conventional and novel mechanical disintegration techniques, as well as biological and chemical pre-treatments aimed at facilitating nanofibril isolation, biomedical aspects and drug delivery application of cellulose nanomaterials are summarized. Additionally, the preparation of CNF in various forms, such as suspensions, powders, films or nanopapers, hydrogels and aerogels, and their application in biomedical field is discussed.
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