Abstract

Nanotechnology—the construction and use of functional structures designed from atomic or molecular scale—is expected to favor all fields of medicine, with oncology being the most notable beneficiary to date. A new class of modern antitumoral agents has emerged with recent advances in our understanding of molecular genetic and tumor biology. Consequently, new tools have appeared to target molecules in specific signaling pathways with the goal of increasing efficacy and reducing toxicity. NP systems capable of targeting cancer cells, delivering and releasing drugs in a regulated manner, and detecting cancer cells with high specificity and sensitivity are just a few examples of the potential application of nanotechnology to oncological diseases. Within this context, the present chapter provides a comprehensive review about the applications of nanotechnologies tumor treatment, reporting various experiences of preclinical and/or clinical studies in cancer therapy.

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