4 × 4-matrix transformation for systems with spontaneous symmetry breakdown and self-consistent renormalization in nonequilibrium Thermo Field Dynamics

Abstract

This study aims to construct a theoretical formulation of a nonequilibrium process for a system of Bose–Einstein condensate associated with a spontaneous symmetry breakdown. For this, Thermo Field Dynamics is used. We then describe the most general forms of a 4 × 4-matrix transformation and an unperturbed Hamiltonian. After calculating the 4 × 4-matrix self-energy and identifying its on-shell, we impose the renormalization condition in which the entire on-shell self-energy should vanish. This condition provides a sufficient number of independent equations to determine all of the parameters in an unperturbed Hamiltonian, among which the quantum transport equations for normal and anomalous number distributions are included.