3D-printed multifunctional biomass hydrogel device for controlled photothermal distribution and molecular release

Abstract

Photothermal therapy based on photothermal conversion has received increasing attention due to its non-invasiveness and low side effects. In this study, a 3D-printed biomass photothermal therapy device was prepared for accurate control of photothermal conversion and molecular release. The prepared black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) showed excellent photothermal performance and antibacterial activity. A temperature-regulated sol-gel reversible system was prepared with konjac glucomannan (KGM), tara gum (TG), BPNSs, and manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles. The sol-gel transition was attributed to the change of interactions of hydrogen bond, and molecular entanglement. Photothermal conversion films with accurate multi-layer and array structures were prepared by 3D printing using the biomass sol-gel conversion system. The photothermal conversion efficiency was regulated by the concentration of BPNSs and MnO2. Under infrared radiation (808 nm, 1 W/cm2) for 5 min, the temperatures of hydrogel films with a MnO2 concentration of 0, 0.5, and 1 % were raised from 25 to 29.3, 61.8, and 90.8 °C, respectively. The accurate temperature distribution induced the controlled release of small active molecules such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) loaded in hydrogels, which was resulted from the changes in the hydrogel structure and the decrease in adsorption energy between polysaccharide and EGCG at high temperatures. This study provides a biomass 3D-printed multifunctional photothermal therapy device and more understanding of the molecular release during photothermal conversion.