Abstract

Regeneration of defective or diseased tissue by 3D-printed biomaterials is an emerging area of research, and 3D printing technology will meet the shortage of organ transplantation and therapeutic clinical applications. The development of novel bio-inks for 3D printing has challenges, including the rheological, physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials, the risk of an immune response, cytotoxicity, and regeneration rate. In recent years, chitosan and its composites as bio-inks for 3D bioprinting to develop artificial organs have been studied. The results infer that the regenerative capacity of the 3D printed chitosan composites varies depending on size, porosity, stimulating effect, cell interaction, cell adhesion, and the differentiation potential of stem cells. In this review, the types of 3D printing technology for the fabrication system and their role in tissue engineering applications are studied in detail.

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