3D-printing technology for integrating the rehabilitation and monitoring of civil structures with fiber optic

Abstract

In recent years, 3D printing technologies have become increasingly widespread in the field of architectural restoration of historical buildings and monuments. This is due to 3D printing’s capability to accurately reproduce complex shapes with simplicity. Currently, within this field, 3D printing technology is generally employed for the physical reproduction of decorative/architectural components, while the reproduction of structural elements is still in its early stages. In this context, the paper presents an experimental study on 3D-printed samples made of PLA (Polylactic Acid Material), equipped with fiber optic sensors introduced inside the samples during the printing process. This innovative approach facilitates reintegration interventions while enabling real-time monitoring of structures, marking a significant advancement in the field. However, since the fiber optic is incorporated within the element during the printing process, it is crucial to assess its potential impact on the mechanical properties of the samples and reliability of measurement system itself. Experimental tensile tests are then performed on samples carried out by considering both different printing paths and, moreover, different arrangements of the fiber optic inside the samples. Lastly, the study also examines the impact of artificially induced aging effects to assess their influence on both the mechanical properties of the samples and the reliability of measurements obtained from the fiber optic sensors.