Abstract
The advent of mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) in applied bio-sciences led to the birth of a new class of nanostructured materials combining triple functionality, that is, bone-bonding capability, drug delivery and therapeutic ion release. However, the development of hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds based on MBGs may be difficult due to some inherent drawbacks of MBGs (e.g., high brittleness) and technological challenges related to their fabrication in a multiscale porous form. For example, MBG-based scaffolds produced by conventional porogen-assisted methods exhibit a very low mechanical strength, making them unsuitable for clinical applications. The application of additive manufacturing techniques significantly improved the processing of these materials, making it easier preserving the textural and functional properties of MBGs and allowing stronger scaffolds to be produced. This review provides an overview of the major aspects relevant to 3D printing of MBGs, including technological issues and potential applications of final products in medicine.
Highlights
Bioactive glasses (BGs) were invented by Prof
The use of mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) for the production of scaffolds by 3D printing is recognized to have a great potential in the manufacturing of bioactive synthetic bone substitutes
The clear advantages offered by additive manufacturing represent a valuable strategy to overcome the most common limitations of traditional fabrication processes for glass and ceramic scaffolds, for example, poor reproducibility and control on the final 3D structure as well as low mechanical strength
Summary
Bioactive glasses (BGs) were invented by Prof. Larry L. Higher mechanical performances can be achieved by applying porogen methods, in which fabrication methods for glass and ceramic scaffolds, such as low control on macropore architecture, polymeric spheres or particles (e.g., methyl cellulose [44]) are used as a macropore-forming agent low compressive strength and difficult reproducibility; on the other hand, they allow customization of that is thermally removed upon sintering. In recent years researchers’ attention the last decade, manufacturing several research groups intensively applied additive manufacturing has Inmoved to additive technologies for processing ceramic and glasses more technologies to process in the attempt to aobtain mechanically-resistant scaffolds with effectively [57] These BGs techniques represent valuable strategy to overcome most of thetailored existingand shortcomings of traditional highly-controlled structural fabrication features. The laser beam is scanned over the powder bed following a computer-aided material is removed, and sintering is performed to obtain the final product [59]
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