Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is gaining numerous advances in manufacturing approaches both at macro- and nanoscales. Three-dimensional printing is being explored for various biomedical applications and fabrication of nanomedicines using additive manufacturing techniques, and shows promising potential in fulfilling the need for patient-centric personalized treatment. Initial reports attributed this to availability of novel natural biomaterials and precisely engineered polymeric materials, which could be fabricated into exclusive 3D printed nanomaterials for various biomedical applications as nanomedicines. Nanomedicine is defined as the application of nanotechnology in designing nanomaterials for different medicinal applications, including diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, prevention, and control of diseases. Nanomedicine is also showing great impact in the design and development of precision medicine. In contrast to the “one-size-fits-all” criterion of the conventional medicine system, personalized or precision medicines consider the differences in various traits, including pharmacokinetics and genetics of different patients, which have shown improved results over conventional treatment. In the last few years, much literature has been published on the application of 3D printing for the fabrication of nanomedicine. This article deals with progress made in the development and design of tailor-made nanomedicine using 3D printing technology.
Highlights
Three-dimensional (3D) printing innovation has developed much over the last 20 years.It has helped in providing suitable information for the manufacturing process of various industries including pharmaceuticals, medicine, ecological monitoring, aviation, and automobiles, and as well as in research [1]
The layer-upon-layer manufacturing technology is the basis for 3D printing technology, which is based on development of 3D structures designed with the support of computer-aided design (CAD) drawing
An essential natural mineral for bone growth and a biodegradable metal, proved to be effective in promoting osteoblast cell proliferation and the 3D composite scaffolds of PCL/HAP/magnesium oxide nanoparticles with interconnected pores, which showed maximum bioactivity compared to other groups [81]. In another attempt to explore the role of nanoparticles and 3D printing technology in bone regeneration applications, Abdal-hay et al blended bioresorbable magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles with the degradable polymer PCL and manufactured the composite using
Summary
Three-dimensional (3D) printing innovation has developed much over the last 20 years It has helped in providing suitable information for the manufacturing process of various industries including pharmaceuticals, medicine, ecological monitoring, aviation, and automobiles, and as well as in research [1]. Three-dimensional printing unties new probabilities and ideas for industrial manufacturing to improve efficiency and cost efficacy. The progress made in the field of 3D printing technology have enabled researchers to explore different possibilities in the medical field, including fast growing areas, for example, drug delivery systems, tissue design, tissue and organ models, prosthetics and replica manufacture, inserts, and more. Three-dimensional printing is being explored to manufacture oral dosage forms of different geometry and size. The study of size and mass of the individual tablets showed high uniformity inside the different groups of tablets.
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