3D printed scaffolds in bone tissue engineering and their application in periodontology

Abstract

Scaffolds are three-dimensional (3D) porous, fibrous, or permeable biomaterials that promote cell interaction, viability, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition while causing minimal inflammation and toxicity and bio-degrading at a controlled rate. This narrative review focuses on 3D scaffolds, the first key component of the tissue engineering paradigm. It describes the classification of scaffolds, their properties, biomaterials used in their fabrication, and in brief their periodontal application.