Abstract
AbstractThe in‐house and on‐demand fabrication of electrochemical integrated biosensors is a great challenge, especially in the field of modern point‐of‐care diagnostics. 3D printing technology allows the production of specialized electronic devices adapted to the required conditions, and 3D printed thermoplastic electrodes have shown hopeful achievements mainly in enzymatic bioassays. This work describes a novel configuration of integrated all‐3D‐printed electrochemical microtitration wells (e‐wells) for direct quantum dot‐based (QDs) and enzymatic bioassays. The e‐wells enable the in situ development of complete bioassays, that is, from sample addition to biomarker detection, without the need for external equipment other than a micropipette and a detector. The bioanalytical capability of the 3D e‐wells is demonstrated through the voltammetric bioassay of C‐reactive protein employing biotinylated reporter antibody and streptavidin‐conjugated CdSe/ZnS QDs. In addition, in order to extend their scope to enzymatic biosensing, e‐wells are applied to the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide by‐products, demonstrating their universal applicability in electrochemical bioassays.
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