Abstract
Metasurfaces enable the design of optical elements by engineering the wavefront of light at the subwavelength scale. Due to their ultrathin and compact characteristics, metasurfaces possess great potential to integrate multiple functions in optoelectronic systems for optical device miniaturisation. However, current research based on multiplexing in the 2D plane has not fully utilised the capabilities of metasurfaces for multi-tasking applications. Here, we demonstrate a 3D-integrated metasurface device by stacking a hologram metasurface on a monolithic Fabry–Pérot cavity-based colour filter microarray to simultaneously achieve low-crosstalk, polarisation-independent, high-efficiency, full-colour holography, and microprint. The dual functions of the device outline a novel scheme for data recording, security encryption, colour displays, and information processing. Our 3D integration concept can be extended to achieve multi-tasking flat optical systems by including a variety of functional metasurface layers, such as polarizers, metalenses, and others.
Highlights
Metasurfaces open a new paradigm to design optical elements by shaping the wavefront of electromagnetic waves by tailoring the size, shape, and arrangement of subwavelength structures[1,2,3]
An attempt has been made to achieve holographic colour prints based on 3D-printed stacked microscale diffractive optics and nanostructured colour filters[27], but this approach suffers from a small field-of-view (FOV), multiple diffraction orders, low data density, relatively large crosstalk, and limited fabrication accuracy, leading to a great challenge for full-colour holography applications
We demonstrate using 3D integration of metasurfaces to realise full-colour holography by stacking a monolithic colour filter microarray and hologram metasurface
Summary
Metasurfaces open a new paradigm to design optical elements by shaping the wavefront of electromagnetic waves by tailoring the size, shape, and arrangement of subwavelength structures[1,2,3]. Hu et al Light: Science & Applications (2019)8:86 Various devices, such as wavelength multiplexed lenses[22,23], monochromatic aberration correctors[24,25], and retroreflectors[26], have been demonstrated. The monochromatic aberrations corrector and retroreflector, obtained by combining two metasurfaces with different functionalities, can achieve a more complicated function, which is similar to the concept of a compound lens in current optical systems but greatly reduces the size of the device. These examples have demonstrated the advantages of ultrathin and flat metasurfaces for 3D stacking and show great potential for future compact optics applications. An attempt has been made to achieve holographic colour prints based on 3D-printed stacked microscale diffractive optics and nanostructured colour filters[27], but this approach suffers from a small field-of-view (FOV), multiple diffraction orders, low data density, relatively large crosstalk, and limited fabrication accuracy, leading to a great challenge for full-colour holography applications
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