Abstract
The fluorophosphate NaVPO4F (NVPF) is a good candidate of cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity, high working voltage and stable structure. However, due to the low electronic conductivity of NVPF, its electrochemical properties are difficult to demonstrate. In order to address the insufficient and then enhance its electrochemical performance, a 3D carbon networks constructed NaVPO4F/C/rGO (NVPF/C/rGO) nanocomposite is prepared by freeze-drying assisted high-temperature solid-state method. When used as a cathode material for SIBs, the prepared NVPF/C/rGO can deliver a capacity of about 108.7 mA h g-1 at 0.05 C. Moreover, NVPF/C/rGO nanocomposite also exhibits the excellent electrochemical performance, including superior rate capacities (about 65.8 mA h g-1 specific capacity at 10 C) and outstanding cycling performance (~ 95.1 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.05 C), which can be attribute to the 3D carbon networks and the nanoparticles in NVPF/C/rGO nanocomposite. The preliminary results illustrate that the 3D carbon networks constructed NVPF/C/rGO could be a promising cathode material for SIBs.
Highlights
Nowadays, with the massive use of fossil energy, carbon dioxide emissions are increasing, aggravating the global warming (Dunn et al, 2011; Barpanda et al, 2014; Che et al, 2017)
The amorphous carbon is coated on the surface of NVPF particles, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers cover on the surface of the NVPF/C particles and connect these to form a 3D conductive network
Consistent with the reports in the literatures (Law and Balaya, 2018; Ge et al, 2019), the diffraction pattern reveals that the peaks of NVPF/C/rGO nanocomposite are well indexed to the monoclinic crystal structure according to the standard card (PDF33-0804) (Liu et al, 2008)
Summary
With the massive use of fossil energy, carbon dioxide emissions are increasing, aggravating the global warming (Dunn et al, 2011; Barpanda et al, 2014; Che et al, 2017). The amorphous carbon is coated on the surface of NVPF particles, and rGO layers cover on the surface of the NVPF/C particles and connect these to form a 3D conductive network.
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