Abstract
This chapter reviews the epidemiology and etiologies of maternal mortality, focusing first on low-income countries, which account for 99% of maternal deaths worldwide. The chapter next addresses maternal mortality in high-income countries, and highlights the increasing maternal mortality ratio in the United States. Maternal morbidity is next presented as a measure of serious injury that is sufficiently frequent to support quality improvement efforts that may decrease the risk of both morbidity and death. Finally, epidemiology and mechanisms of anesthesia-related maternal mortality are discussed, along with recommendations for practice to ensure maternal safety.
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