Abstract
Severe blood pressure (BP) elevations are characterized as hypertensive emergencies if they are complicated by evidence of acute target organ damage and as hypertensive urgencies if they are not. Hypertensive emergencies require treatment with intravenous antihypertensive agents under close monitoring to ensure fast but controlled BP reduction and protect target organ function, whereas urgencies need gradual BP reduction over a longer time and arrangements for adequate follow-up to improve long-term hypertension control. This chapter discusses the pathogenesis and epidemiology of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies, then presents an approach to diagnosis and options for pharmacologic treatment.
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