Abstract

Lumbar interbody fusions (posterior and anterior) are designed to structurally remove the majority of a pathologic disk, replacing it with a combination of interbody spacer and bone graft. Multiple approach options exist for lumbar interbody fusion, including posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) approaches, both open and minimally invasive, as well as lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) approaches. Open PLIF and TLIF approaches have evolved with advances in instrumentation. This allowed for the development of minimally invasive TLIF. The specific indications, patient selection, and techniques for these approaches are elaborated in this chapter. Interbody grafts, fusion-promoting materials, and implant coatings continue to evolve. Competence at open PLIF/TLIF and minimally invasive TLIF as well as ALIF techniques is essential for the treatment of a broad range of degenerative lumbar pathology.

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