Abstract
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: 48,000,000 people in the U.S. have hearing loss, negatively impacting quality of life and work. Unveiling axon guidance for auditory type II spiral ganglia neurons (SGNs) will aid development of new therapies. I study the role of Eph/Ephrin and planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling during type II SGN turning and outer hair cell (OHC) innervation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This quantitative study was conducted on Efna3 and Vangl2 null mice possessing Neurog1CreERT2 and R26RtdTomato mutations. Spontaneous Cre activity within the Neurogenin1CreERT2 line causes recombination and expression of fluorescent Rosa26 Reporter (R26R)tdTomatoin a restricted number of SGNs, including type IIs. Together, these lines permit SGN sparse labeling. Immunostaining and confocal imaging were used to analyze dsRed in Efna3 and Vangl2 mice and quantify type II SGN turning. In combination, Imaris 3D renderings were used to quantify type II SGN turning, branching, navigation features and temporal effects of EPHRIN-A3-Fc on type IIs via cochlear cultures (a gain-of-function manipulation). For both sexes, 5-6 cochleae per genotype were analyzed and compared by t-test to wildtype (WT) controls. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Efna3 nulls showed a small rise in type II SGNs incorrectly turning toward the apex at an error rate of 16.0% compared to WTs (n=6; p=0.05). P0 Efna3 nulls had reduced branch number compared to WTs, 4.1 and 7.2, respectively (n=129; p=<0.0001), suggesting EPHRIN-A3 acts as a positive growth cue. In cochlear cultures, EPHRIN-A3-Fc led to type II SGN collapse at E15.5, indicating a repulsive function. However, at P0, EPHRIN-A3-Fc treatment led to type II SGNs with elevated branch numbers compared to Control-Fc treatment: 18.1 and 11.4, respectively (n=116; p=<0.0001). This indicates a positive growth function. At E16.5, EPHRIN-A3 protein immunoreactivity on Deiters’ and pillar cells appears reduced in Vangl2 nulls compared to WT cochleae, suggesting that EPHRIN-A3 acts downstream of PCP signaling. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Results suggest that Eph/Ephrin signaling acts downstream of PCP signaling to mediate type II SGN guidance and EPHRIN-A3 switches its mode of activation. The clinical implications of these findings are that therapeutics targeting EPHRIN-A3 and/or VANGL2 in their given pathways could stimulate new OHC innervation following auditory damage.
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