3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) consumption in Aotearoa New Zealand: A quantitative survey exploration

Abstract

The prevalence of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) consumption is relatively high in Aotearoa New Zealand, but MDMA use has not been investigated in detail. We explored consumption behaviours and a range of MDMA-related factors, including motivations, subjective effects, and reflections about personal MDMA use via a cross-sectional survey. A total of 1180 respondents (59.2% female, 15% Māori, aged 18–65, Median = 23.5) partially completed the survey, whilst 915 completed most questions. All included respondents had used MDMA in the past 5 years. Median reported MDMA consumption per session was 151 to 200 mg. The majority (88.9%) reported use in the last year, with house parties being the most common setting of consumption. Fortnightly or more frequent use was reported by 14.1%, and 53% reported 21 or more use occasions. Concomitant use with other drugs was common, and the median number of standard drinks consumed in addition to MDMA was 7 to 9. Enhancement (fun, feeling good) was the primary motivation for consumption, followed by social motivations. Motivations scores for MDMA consumption also differed significantly to motivations for alcohol consumption. Reflections about MDMA use were mainly positive and suggest that many respondents perceived that they had benefitted from their MDMA consumption, although a minority also reported increased memory or concentration problems and paranoia. These findings present a detailed overview of MDMA consumption in Aotearoa and show that most individuals use infrequently and consume within a lower risk dose range. However, some participants reported frequent and high-dose consumption, presenting as targets of harm reduction messaging and education. The concomitant use of MDMA and large amounts of alcohol also presents another avenue for public health messaging and intervention.