Abstract
Contact dermatitis is a common skin disease caused by allergens and irritants that contact the epidermis and cause inflammation. It accounts for 90% of occupational skin disease and has significant medical and socioeconomic consequences. Contact dermatitis can be classified as irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photocontact dermatitis, or contact urticaria, which is associated with protein contact dermatitis. These subtypes may coexist. The clinical and histopathologic features of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are similar. A detailed history including occupational and household exposures is important to guide patch testing, which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Avoidance of identified allergens and known irritants together with therapy targeted at restoring and protecting the skin barrier are the mainstays of treatment; however, selective use of topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, and other immunomodulators may be needed. Regulations restricting exposure to certain allergens have resulted in a significant reduction in the burden of contact dermatitis.
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