Abstract
Herbal medication use has increased dramatically in the overall population and particularly in preoperative patients. Patients might not volunteer information unless they are queried specifically about herbal medication use. Although many commonly used herbs have side effects that affect drug metabolism, bleeding, and neuronal function, they are not subject to regulations on purity, safety, and efficacy. Knowledge of specific interactions and metabolism of herbs can provide practical guidelines to facilitate perioperative management. Other complementary therapies, including acupuncture and music therapy, have become increasingly popular and have shown positive results for certain pain conditions, albeit high quality data are still lacking. Dietary supplements may influence gut microbiota, a consortium of diverse microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, which represents a new research frontier in perioperative medicine.
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