Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis, commonly known as sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of the tsetse fly. Infection is caused by protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma and species brucei. In humans, two forms of illness are caused by two distinct subspecies that are morphologically identical but differ in their geographic range and clinical presentations. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is typically found in West and Central Africa and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in East Africa. T. b. gambiense has a more chronic course, whereas T. b. rhodesiense causes a rapid disease course; both have late stages marked by meningoencephalitis that results in coma and death if untreated. Treatment depends on the infecting organism and the stage of disease.
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