Abstract
Several epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that the etiology of many chronic illnesses is caused by the joint effect between genetics and the environment. Smoking tobacco is the major hazard feature for lung cancer in Indian subcontinent especially men, compare to woman where, other important risk factors i.e., exposure to agents and level of pollutions are responsible. So, the aim of the study is to compare the expression level of transcript-based biomarkers IDH1, CEA, Cyfra21-1, and TPA in NSCLC fifty tumor tissue stage IIIa patients compared to control benign tissues of smokers and non-smokers cases living in areas with air quality categorized as poor (AQI 201–300) or moderate (AQI 101–200).
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