SC01.05 Video-Thoracoscopy for Staging of N2 NSCLC During Induction Therapy

Abstract

The optimal strategy for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well-established and significant variation in practice exists across the United States and Europe. In the U.S., the majority of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) member institutions consider surgery to be indicated in stage IIIA patients with involvement of a single N2 lymph node station smaller than 3 cm who have undergone induction chemotherapy. However, there is no agreement among institutions regarding treatment for other manifestations of stage IIIA-N2 involvement (e.g., multi-station or bulky disease) and both NCCN and European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines recommend that the role of surgery be discussed in a multidisciplinary tumor board setting. The use of induction chemotherapy vs induction chemoradiotherapy is currently of great interest worldwide, and the use of the latter is still common despite the results of numerous clinical trials and meta-analysis. The lack of consensus regarding treatment strategies for stage III NSCLC is in part due to the relatively low number of randomized studies available to guide decision-making, as well as institutional biases despite evidence. One important issue is the role and methods of restaging after induction therapy for patients with potentially resectable Stage IIIA (N2) disease. While all would agree that pathologic confirmation of N2 disease prior to induction chemotherapy is mandatory, using EBUS or mediastinoscopy, not all surgeons believe that restaging after induction therapy to confirm response to chemotherapy is necessary, despite evidence that the overall and cancer-specific survival of non-responders is quite low. There are 2 dominant strategies for staging and restaging patients with N2 disease: EBUS prior to induction therapy and restaging with video mediastinoscopy or mediastinoscopy prior to induction therapy and restaging with thoracoscopy or repeat mediastinoscopy. There may be a role for each strategy depending on individual patient characteristics. Advantages of thoracoscopic restaging after induction therapy include the ability to resect all ipsilateral nodes to most accurately assess response and the resection of nodal tissue at thoracoscopy is the first step in thoracoscopic resection and thus greatly facilitates the procedure. The role of thoracoscopic restaging after induction therapy will be reviewed, and the technical aspects for successful restaging and thoracoscopic lobectomy after induction therapy are demonstrated in videos. 1. Martins RG, D'Amico TA, Loo BW, Jr., et al. The management of patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer with N2 mediastinal node involvement. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN. 2012;10(5):599-613. 2. Vansteenkiste J, De Ruysscher, D, Eberhardt WEE, Lim E, Senan S, Felip E, Peters s. Early-Stage and Locally Advanced (non-metastatic) Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Annals of Oncology. 2013;24((suppl 6)):vi 89-98. 3. Ettinger DS, Wood DE, Akerley W, et al. Non-small cell lung cancer, version 6.2015. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN. 2015;13(5):515-524. 4. Weeks JC, Uno H, Taback N, et al. Interinstitutional variation in management decisions for treatment of 4 common types of cancer: A multi-institutional cohort study. Annals of internal medicine. 2014;161(1):20-30. 5. Pless M, Stupp R, Ris HB, et al. Induction chemoradiation in stage IIIA/N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase 3 randomized trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9998):1049-1056. 6. Katakami N, Tada H, Mitsudomi T, et al. A phase 3 study of induction treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy before surgery in patients with pathologically confirmed N2 stage IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer (WJTOG9903). Cancer. 2012;118(24):6126-6135. 7. Girard N, Mornex F, Douillard JY, et al. Is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy a feasible strategy for stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer? Mature results of the randomized IFCT-0101 phase II trial. Lung Cancer. 2010;69(1):86-93. 8 Jaklitsch MT, Gu L, Harpole DH, D'Amico TA, et al. Prospective phase II trial of pre-resection thoracoscopic restaging following neoadjuvant therapy for IIIA(N2) non-small cell lung cancer: Results of CALGB 39803. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;146:9-16 9. Yang CF, Gulack BC, Gu L, et al. Adding radiation to induction chemotherapy does not improve survival of patients with operable clinical N2 non-small cell lung cancer. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2015;150(6):1484-1492; discussion 1492-1483. 10. Shah AA, Berry MF, Tzao C, et al. Induction chemoradiation is not superior to induction chemotherapy alone in stage IIIA lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;93(6):1807-1812. lung cancer surgery, minimally invasive surgery, stage IIIA