Abstract

This chapter discusses the localized surface plasmon resonance (LPR) phenomena and the potential applications of this phenomenon in metallic nanoparticles for optical sensors. LPR phenomena are observed in metallic nanoparticles and also in a sharp metallic tip and at a rough metallic surface. LPR has features such as confinement of light within a nanometer region; the sensitive resonance condition to the dielectric constant of the ambient medium; and a large electric field produced at the LPR condition. Recently, nano- and micro-photonic devices and sensors have been developed, based on LPR. There are two kinds of bio and chemical sensors that utilize LPR in metallic nanoparticles. One is the sensor that probes affinity between molecules (affinity biosensor) and the other is a Raman sensor that provides a vibration spectrum. The LPR sensor probes are small and the optical setup is simple, and in principle, the sensor can be made with one nanoparticle.

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