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Abstract
Phase conjugation by Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) is treated quantum mechanically as a multiphoton scattering process. The spontaneous scattering of two counter-propagating photons gives rise to a background noise, whereas the stimulated scattering in the presence of the probe beam generates the phase conjugate signal. In addition, the stimulated scattering also contributes to a background noise which has never been discussed. Compared with Rayleigh scattering noise, the χ(3) scattering noises are relatively small for intensity up to 108 W/cm2. For higher intensities, the χ(3) scattering noises, in conjunction with the Rayleigh scattering noise, will affect the spatial fidelity of the optical phase conjugation.
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