3 - Root canal obturation materials

Abstract

Obturation of root canal systems with gutta percha and endodontic sealers aims to achieve a “fluid-tight” seal throughout root canal system including the apical constriction, canal irregularities and minor discrepancies between the dentinal walls of the root canal system and obturation materials. Formation of a three-dimensional seal for the root canal treatment is essential for the optimum outcome. Gutta percha is the most widely used material and is derived from latex as an isomer of rubber known as transpolyisoprene. Sealers are the essential element of obturation materials since the aim is to prevent reinfection following the root canal therapy. However, the desired ‘Three dimensional obturation’ concept seems to be compromised due to the lack of chemical union between the polyisoprene component of gutta-percha cones and commercially available endodontic sealers. Innovative materials such as bio-ceramic based sealers are promising, however more concurrent evidence by the employment of controlled randomised clinical trials is required on the use of these types of sealers for the desired obturation. This chapter covers the obturation techniques with gutta percha and different types of sealers including innovative bioceramic materials with an evidence-based approach.