Abstract
Abstract Cellulosic or second-generation ethanol production generally involves pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation processes, but they are substantially different from those established for ethanol production from sugar- and starch-based feedstock. The cellulosic feedstock is recalcitrant to degradation as it contains hemicellulose and lignin, and pretreatment is needed, but more efficient pretreatment technologies should be developed based on an in-depth understanding of their biosynthesis as well as regulation for engineered plant cell walls with less recalcitrance. However, the simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation of sugars (pentose and hexose) has been performed with the help of engineered stains of ethanologenic species of thermophiles bacteria, brewing yeast, and other microbial consortiums since last few years, but the development of more efficient strain should be robust to tolerate high ethanol concentration, give higher ethanol productivity, and reduce production cost. The unit integration and process optimization are also needed to maximize both the economic as well as environmental benefits. Therefore cutting-edge technologies for cellulosic ethanol production are critically reviewed, with emphasis on the updated progress of pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation and purification technologies, and process development through unit integration and system optimization. This chapter also highlighted sustainability and future outlooks of the cellulosic ethanol production.
Published Version
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