Abstract
Point of care testing has taken on a range of methodological platforms that have their origin in central hospital laboratory assay platforms. The key driver has been analytical simplification for the clinical non-specialist. The operational simplicity of such systems often belies their internal technical complexity, which involves controlled sample presentation, measurement and read-out steps. Materials have an important role to play in this in providing a controlled interface between the chemistry and a complicated biological matrix. For biosensors, especially, materials are variously needed for improving biocompatibility, selectivity and the isolation of the chemistry, the latter of special importance for in vivo biosensors. This chapter outlines recent work on polymer and membrane technology designed to provide clinically viable in vitro and in vivo sensors. Overlapping strategies used for ion, gas and metabolite sensors are described, though with emphasis on glucose biosensors, reflecting the special attention they have received from academic and industry researchers alike.
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